Isithombe nguMbhali
# Isingeniso
Njengomsebenzi wokufunda ngomshini, uyazi ukuthi ukukhetha isici kubalulekile kodwa kuwumsebenzi odla isikhathi. Udinga ukukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izici ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni kwemodeli, susa okuguquguqukayo okungadingekile, thola i-multicollinearity, uhlunge izici ezinomsindo, futhi uthole isici esingaphansi esiphelele. Endleleni ngayinye yokukhetha, uhlola ama-threshold ahlukene, uqhathanise imiphumela, futhi ulandelele ukuthi yini esebenzayo.
Lokhu kuba inselele kakhulu njengoba isikhala sakho sesici sikhula. Ngamakhulu ezici ezinjiniyela, uzodinga izindlela ezihlelekile zokuhlola ukubaluleka kwesici, ukhiphe ukungasasebenzi, futhi ukhethe isethi engaphansi ehamba phambili.
Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa imibhalo emihlanu yePython eklanyelwe ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo amasu okukhetha izici ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ungathola imibhalo ku-GitHub.
# 1. Ukuhlunga Izici Ezihlala Zikhona Ngokuhlukahluka Kokuhluka
// I-Pain Point
Izici ezinokuhlukahluka okuphansi noma okuyiziro zinikeza ulwazi oluncane noma olungenalo lokubikezela. Isici esingaguquki noma esicishe sibe njalo kuwo wonke amasampuli asikwazi ukusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakilasi okuqondiwe ahlukene. Ukuhlonza lezi zici mathupha kusho ukubala ukuhluka kwekholomu ngayinye, ukusetha ama-threshold afanelekile, nokuphatha ama-edge case afana nezici kanambambili noma izici ezinezilinganiso ezihlukene.
// Okwenziwa Isikripthi
Ihlonza futhi isuse izici ezinokwehluka okuphansi ngokusekelwe emikhawulweni elungisekayo. Iphatha kokubili izici eziqhubekayo nezimbambambili ngokufanelekile, yenza ukubalwa kokuhlukahluka kujwayelekile ukuze kuqhathaniswe okulungile kuzo zonke izikali ezihlukene, futhi inikeza imibiko enemininingwane ebonisa ukuthi yiziphi izici ezisusiwe nokuthi kungani.
// Indlela Esebenza Ngayo
Iskripthi sibala ukuhluka kwesici ngasinye, sisebenzisa amasu ahlukene ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwesici.
- Ezicini eziqhubekayo, ibala ukuhluka okujwayelekile futhi ingashintsha ngokuzikhethela ngobubanzi besici ukuze yenze ama-threshold aqhathaniseke.
- Ezicini kanambambili, ibala ingxenye yesigaba sedlanzana njengoba ukuhluka kwezici ezinambambili kuhlobene nokungalingani kwekilasi.
Izici eziwela ngaphansi komkhawulo zimakwe ukuze zisuswe. Umbhalo ugcina imephu yezici ezisusiwe kanye nezikolo zazo ezihlukile ukuze zibe sobala.
⏩ Thola iskripthi sesikhethi esisekelwe kumkhawulo esisekelwe ekuhlukeni
# 2. Ukuqeda Izici Ezingafuneki Ngokusebenzisa Ukuhlaziya Ukuxhumana
// I-Pain Point
Izici ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu azisebenzi futhi zingabangela izinkinga ze-multicollinearity kumamodeli amugqa. Uma izici ezimbili zinokuhlobana okuphezulu, zigcina zombili yengeza ubukhulu ngaphandle kokwengeza ulwazi. Kodwa ngamakhulu ezici, ukuhlonza wonke amapheya ahlobene, ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi ongayigcina, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ugcina izici ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuhlosiwe kudinga ukuhlaziywa okuhlelekile.
// Okwenziwa Isikripthi
Ikhomba izici ezihambisana kakhulu kusetshenziswa Pearson ukuhlobana ngezici zezinombolo kanye Isithombe sika-Cramér V ngezici zesigaba. Kupheya ngayinye ehlobene, ikhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi yisiphi isici okufanele sigcinwe ngokusekelwe ekusebenzelaneni nokuguquguquka okuqondiwe. Isusa izici ezingafuneki ngenkathi ikhulisa amandla okuqagela. Ikhiqiza amamephu okushisa ahambisanayo nemibiko enemininingwane yezici ezisusiwe.
// Indlela Esebenza Ngayo
Umbhalo ubala i-matrix yokuhlobana yazo zonke izici. Kupheya ngayinye eyeqa umkhawulo wokuhlanganisa, iqhathanisa kokubili izici nokuhlukahluka okuhlosiwe. Isici esinokuhlobana okuphansi kwethagethi simakwe ukuthi sisuswe. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze ibambe amaketanga ezici ezihlobene. Umbhalo uphatha amanani angekho, izinhlobo zedatha exubile, futhi unikeza ukubonwa okubonisa amaqoqo ahambisanayo kanye nesinqumo sokukhetha sokubhangqa ngakunye.
⏩ Thola iskripthi sesikhethi sesici esisekelwe ebudlelwaneni
# 3. Ukuhlonza Izici Ezibalulekile Ngokusebenzisa Ukuhlolwa Kwezibalo
// I-Pain Point
Akuzona zonke izici ezinobudlelwano obubalulekile ngokwezibalo nokuhluka okuqondiwe. Izici ezingabonisi ukuhlotshaniswa okunenjongo nalokho okuhlosiwe zengeza umsindo futhi ngokuvamile zandisa ingozi yokugcwala ngokweqile. Ukuhlola isici ngasinye kudinga ukukhetha ukuhlolwa kwezibalo ezifanele, ukwenza ikhompuyutha amanani e-p, ukulungisa ukuhlola okuningi, kanye nokutolika imiphumela ngendlela efanele.
// Okwenziwa Isikripthi
Iskripthi sikhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi sisebenzise uhlolo lwezibalo olufanele olususelwe ezinhlotsheni zesici nokuhluka okuqondiwe. Isebenzisa ukuhlaziya kokuhluka (i-ANOVA) F-ukuhlolwa kwezici zezinombolo ezibhangqwe nempokophelo yokuhlukanisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-chi-square kwezici zezigaba, ukuthola amaphuzu olwazi olufanayo ukuze kuthwebule ubudlelwano obungewona omugqa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-F kokuhlehla lapho ithagethi iqhubeka. Kube sekusebenza noma I-Bonferroni noma Isilinganiso Sokutholwa Kwamanga (FDR) ukulungiswa kwe-akhawunti yokuhlola okuningi, futhi kubuyisela zonke izici ezilinganiselwe ngokubaluleka kwezibalo, kanye namavelu azo we-p nezibalo zokuhlola.
// Indlela Esebenza Ngayo
Iskripthi siqala sinquma uhlobo lwesici nohlobo oluqondiwe, bese sihambisa isici ngasinye esivivinyweni esifanele. Emisebenzini yokuhlukanisa enezici zezinombolo, i-ANOVA ihlola ukuthi ingabe incazelo yesici ihluka kakhulu kuzo zonke izigaba eziqondiwe. Ezicini zesigaba, ukuhlolwa kwe-chi-square kuhlola ukuzimela kwezibalo phakathi kwesici nokuhlosiwe. Izikolo zolwazi oluhlanganyelwe zibalwa ngokuhambisana nalokhu ukuze kuvezwe noma yibuphi ubudlelwano obungewona omugqa lapho ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile okungase kugeje. Uma ithagethi iqhubeka, kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-F-regression esikhundleni salokho.
Uma zonke izivivinyo seziqalisiwe, amanani we-p alungiswa kusetshenziswa ukulungiswa kwe-Bonferroni — lapho inani le-p ngalinye liphindaphindwa ngenani eliphelele lezici — noma indlela yezinga lokutholwa okungamanga yokulungiswa okungagoqi kakhulu. Izici ezinamavelu we-p alungisiwe ngaphansi komkhawulo wokubaluleka ozenzakalelayo ongu-0.05 zimakwe njengezibalulekile ngokwezibalo futhi zibekwa phambili ukuze zifakwe.
⏩ Thola iskripthi sesikhethi esisekelwe kuhlolo lwezibalo
Uma unentshisekelo endleleni yezibalo eqinile yokukhetha isici, ngiphakamisa ukuthi uthuthukise lesi script njengoba kuvezwe ngezansi.
// Ongakwazi Futhi Ukukuhlola Futhi Uthuthukise
Sebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezingezona ezepharamitha lapho ukuqagela kwephuka khona. I-ANOVA ithatha isilinganiso sokujwayelekile kanye nokwehluka okulinganayo kuwo wonke amaqembu. Ezicini ezisontekile kakhulu noma ezingajwayelekile, ukushintshela ku-a Ukuhlolwa kwe-Kruskal-Wallis iwukukhetha okuqinile okwenza kungabikho ukuqagela kokusabalalisa.
Phatha izici zezigaba ezimbalwa ngokucophelela. I-Chi-square idinga ukuthi amafrikhwensi amaseli alindelekile okungenani abe ngu-5. Uma lesi simo singahlangatshezwana nayo – esivame ukuba ne-high-cardinality noma izigaba ezingajwayelekile – Ukuhlolwa okuqondile kukaFisher iyindlela ephephile nenembe kakhudlwana.
Phatha izikolo zolwazi oluhlanganyelwe ngokwehlukana kumanani we-p. Njengoba amaphuzu olwazi oluhlanganyelwe engewona amanani we-p, awangeni ngokwemvelo kuhlaka lokulungisa lwe-Bonferroni noma le-FDR. Indlela ehlanzekile iwukukala izici ngemiphumela yolwazi oluhlanganyelwe ngokuzimela futhi ulisebenzise njengesignali ehambisanayo kunokulihlanganisa libe yiphayiphi ukubaluleka okufanayo.
Khetha ukulungiswa Kwezinga Lokuthola Okungamanga kuzilungiselelo ezinobukhulu obuphezulu. I-Bonferroni ilondoloza ngokuklama, okulungile lapho okungeyikho kubiza kakhulu, kodwa ingalahla izici eziwusizo zangempela uma uneziningi zazo. Benjamini-Hochberg FDR ukulungiswa inikeza amandla ezibalo engeziwe kumadathasethi abanzi futhi ngokuvamile kukhethwa ekugelezeni kokukhetha kwesici sokufunda komshini.
Faka usayizi womphumela eduze kwamanani we-p. Ukubaluleka kwezibalo kukodwa akukutsheli ukuthi isici sibaluleke kangakanani. Ukumatanisa amanani e-p nezilinganiso zosayizi womphumela kunikeza isithombe esiphelele sokuthi yiziphi izici okufanele zigcinwe.
Engeza ukuhlolwa kokubaluleka okusekelwe kumvume. Kumadathasethi ayinkimbinkimbi noma ohlobo oluxubile, ukuhlolwa kwemvume kunikeza indlela yemodeli-agnostic yokuhlola ukubaluleka ngaphandle kokuncika kunoma yikuphi ukuqagela kokusabalalisa. Isebenza ngokushova okuguquguqukayo okuqondiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kanye nokuhlola ukuthi isici sithola kangaki amaphuzu kanye nangenhlanhla yodwa.
# 4. Izici Zokukala Ngezikolo Ezibalulekile Ezisekelwe Kumodeli
// I-Pain Point
Ukubaluleka kwesici esisekelwe kumodeli kunikeza ukuqonda okuqondile kokuthi izici zinomthelela ekunembeni kokubikezela, kodwa amamodeli ahlukene anikeza amaphuzu abalulekile ahlukene. Ukusebenzisa amamodeli amaningi, ukukhipha amaphuzu abalulekile, nokuhlanganisa imiphumela ibe yizinga elihambisanayo kuyinkimbinkimbi.
// Okwenziwa Isikripthi
Iqeqesha izinhlobo zamamodeli amaningi kanye nezingcaphuno zifaka ukubaluleka kokukodwa. Kujwayeza izikolo ezibalulekile kuwo wonke amamodeli ukuze kuqhathaniswe okulungile. Ibala ihlanganisa ukubaluleka ngesilinganiso noma izinga kuwo wonke amamodeli. Ihlinzeka ngokubaluleka kwezimvume njengenye indlela yemodeli-agnostic. Ibuyisela izici ezilinganiselwe ezinezikolo ezibalulekile ezivela kumodeli ngayinye namasethi angaphansi anconyiwe.
// Indlela Esebenza Ngayo
Umbhalo uqeqesha uhlobo ngalunye lwemodeli kusethi yesici esigcwele futhi ukhiphe izikolo ezibalulekile zomdabu njengokubaluleka okusekelwe esihlahleni kwamahlathi nama-coefficients amamodeli amugqa. Ngokubaluleka kwemvume, ishova ngokungahleliwe isici ngasinye futhi ikala ukwehla kokusebenza kwemodeli. Izikolo ezibalulekile zijwayeleke ukuthi zibe nesamba esingu-1 kumodeli ngayinye.
Umphumela wokuhlanganisa ubalwa njengezinga elimaphakathi noma okusho ukubaluleka okujwayelekile kuwo wonke amamodeli. Izici zihlungwa ngokubaluleka kweqoqo, futhi izici eziphezulu zika-N noma lezo ezeqa umkhawulo wokubaluleka ziyakhethwa.
⏩ Thola iskripthi sesikhethi esisekelwe kumodeli
# 5. Ukuthuthukisa Amasethingi Esici Ngokuqedwa Okuphindaphindayo
// I-Pain Point
Isethi engaphansi yesici esilungile ayihlali iyisici esiphezulu esingu-N esibaluleke kakhulu ngasinye; Ukusebenzelana kwesici kubalulekile, futhi. Isici singabonakala sibuthakathaka sisodwa kodwa sibe yigugu uma sihlanganiswa nezinye. Ukuhlolwa kokuqeda isici esiphindaphindayo kufaka amasethi angaphansi ngokususa ngokuphindaphindiwe izici ezibuthakathaka namamodeli okuqeqesha kabusha. Kodwa lokhu kudinga ukusebenzisa amakhulukhulu okuphindaphinda kokuqeqeshwa kwemodeli kanye nokusebenza kokulandela ngomkhondo kumasayizi amasethi angaphansi.
// Okwenziwa Isikripthi
Isusa ngokuhlelekile izici kunqubo ephindaphindayo, iqeqesha kabusha amamodeli nokuhlola ukusebenza esinyathelweni ngasinye. Iqala ngazo zonke izici futhi isuse isici esibalulekile ekuphindaphindweni ngakunye. Ilandelela ukusebenza kwemodeli kuwo wonke amasethi amancane. Ihlonza isethi engaphansi yesici esiphezulu ekhulisa ukusebenza kahle noma efinyelela ukusebenza okuqondisiwe ngezici ezincane. Isekela ukuqinisekiswa okuphambene kwezilinganiso zokusebenza eziqinile.
// Indlela Esebenza Ngayo
Umbhalo uqala ngesethi yesici esiphelele futhi uqeqesha imodeli. Ilinganisa izici ngokubaluleka futhi isusa isici esisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Le nqubo iyaphinda, iqeqesha imodeli entsha enesici esincishisiwe esisethwe ekuphindaphindweni ngakunye. Amamethrikhi okusebenza afana nokunemba, i-F1, ne-AUC zirekhodwa ngosayizi ngamunye wesethi engaphansi.
Iskripthi sisebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa okuphambene ukuze uthole izilinganiso zokusebenza ezizinzile esinyathelweni ngasinye. Okukhiphayo kokugcina kuhlanganisa amajika okusebenza abonisa ukuthi amamethrikhi ashintsha kanjani ngokubalwa kwesici kanye nesethi engaphansi yesici esiphezulu. Okusho ukuthi ubona ukusebenza okuphelele noma iphoyinti lendololwane lapho ukwengeza izici kuveza ukubuyisela okunciphayo.
⏩ Thola iskripthi sokususa isici esiphindaphindayo
# Esonga
Le mibhalo emihlanu ibhekana nezinselele eziyinhloko zokukhethwa kwezici ezinquma ukusebenza kwamamodeli nokusebenza kahle kokuqeqeshwa. Nakhu ukubuka konke okusheshayo:
| Iskripthi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuhluka kwe-Threshold Selector |
Isusa izici ezingenalwazi ezingashintshi noma eziseduze njalo. |
| Isikhethi Esisekelwe Ekuxhumaneni |
Iqeda izici ezingafuneki ngenkathi ilondoloza amandla okuqagela. |
| Isikhethi Sokuhlolwa Kwezibalo |
Ihlonza izici ezinobudlelwano obubalulekile kokuhlosiwe. |
| Isikhethi Esisekelwe Kumodeli |
Ilinganisa izici kusetshenziswa ukubaluleka kwenhlanganisela kumamodeli amaningi. |
| Ukuqedwa Kwesici Esiphindaphindayo |
Ithola amasethi wesici angcono kakhulu ngokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe. |
Umbhalo ngamunye ungasetshenziswa ngokuzimela emisebenzini ethile yokukhetha noma uhlanganiswe ube yipayipi eliphelele. Jabulela ukukhetha kwesici!
Bala Priya C ungunjiniyela kanye nombhali wezobuchwepheshe ovela eNdiya. Uthanda ukusebenza ezimpambanweni zezibalo, izinhlelo, isayensi yedatha, nokudalwa kokuqukethwe. Izindawo zakhe azithandayo nobungcweti zifaka i-DevOps, isayensi yedatha, nokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo. Uyakujabulela ukufunda, ukubhala, ukubhala amakhodi, kanye nekhofi! Okwamanje, usebenzela ukufunda nokwabelana ngolwazi lwakhe nomphakathi wonjiniyela ngokugunyaza izifundo, imihlahlandlela yokwenza, imibono, nokuningi. I-Bala iphinda idale ukubuka konke kwensiza okubandakanyayo kanye nokufundisa ngekhodi.
