I-AI kanye Nekusasa Lomsebenzi

I-AI kanye Nekusasa Lomsebenzi

Isihloko se-AI kanye nekusasa lomsebenzi manje sihamba phambili engxoxweni yomphakathi, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Njengoba ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buguqula izimboni kusukela kwezokukhiqiza kuye kwezokuthengisa, umsebenzi ngokwawo uyachazwa kabusha. Abasebenzi, abaqashi kanye nabenzi benqubomgomo bonke babhekene nemibuzo ephuthumayo. Ingabe i-AI izothatha imisebenzi eminingi kunaleyo eyidalayo? Yimiphi imisebenzi ezochuma, futhi iyiphi ezoshabalala? Futhi singazilungiselela kanjani izizukulwane ezizayo umhlaba lapho okuzenzakalelayo kushesha kakhulu kunomthetho? Lesi sihloko sihlola izinguquko ezijulile zesakhiwo i-AI ethuthukisayo kuyo yonke imakethe yemisebenzi yomhlaba. Inikeza imininingwane esekelwe idatha, imibono yochwepheshe, nezifaniso zomlando ukuze kuhlomise abafundi ukuqonda kwamasu kanye nokubona izinto kusengaphambili okungenziwa.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• I-AI izosusa imisebenzi ethile, kodwa futhi izodala izindima ezintsha, ikakhulukazi kwezobuchwepheshe, amandla aluhlaza, kanye nezimboni zokunakekela.
• Imikhakha efana nokukhiqiza, ukudayisa, kanye nezokuthutha isengozini enkulu yokuchayeka ezishintshayo.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono abasebenzi, ukuguqulwa kwezemfundo, kanye nezinhlaka zenqubomgomo eziguquguqukayo kubalulekile ukunciphisa ubungozi.
• Ukukhuthazela ngokomzwelo nekhono lokufunda kuzoba impahla ebalulekile kochwepheshe bakusasa.

Umthelela Okabili we-AI: Ukuzenzakalela vs. Ukunwetshwa

I-AI ingamandla anamandla anamandla okuphazamisa nokwandisa abasebenzi. NgokukaMcKinsey & Company, ngo-2030, kufika kumaphesenti angama-30 wamahora asetshenziwe emhlabeni wonke angakwazi ukuzenzela. Ngaleso sikhathi kulindeleke ukuthi sibone ukwanda kwenani lemisebenzi ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, i-STEM, namandla avuselelekayo.

Le ndida ibonisa indima ekabili ye-automation. Imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo nebikezelwayo ithathelwa indawo ama-algorithms namarobhothi. Imikhakha emisha nobuchwepheshe kudala isidingo sokugadwa komuntu, ukucabanga okuhlakaniphile, nokwahlulela okuhle. Izibalo zokudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi ye-AI ezivela embikweni we-World Economic Forum we-2023 Future of Jobs 2023 ziphakamisa ukuthi kudaleke amathuba emisebenzi ayizigidi ezingama-69 kanti angama-83 million angase aqedwe. Okubalulekile akukona ukugwema i-AI kodwa kunalokho ukutshala imali kumamodeli asebenzayo wokubambisana kwabantu ne-AI.

Izimboni Ezibhekene Namagagasi Oshintsho Anamandla

I-Automation ne-AI ithinta imikhakha ngokuhlukile. Imikhakha yokuchayeka okuphezulu incike emisebenzini evamile, ehlelekile imishini engakwazi ukuyiphindaphinda kalula. Ngezansi ukuhlukaniswa okuqhathanisayo:

Lesi sigaba sigqamisa ukuhlukana okukhulayo phakathi kwezinhlobo zemisebenzi ngokusekelwe ekudaleni, ekuhlaziyeni, nasekuxazululeni izinkinga phakathi kwabantu uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi eholwa ukwenziwa okujwayelekile. Ukuze uthole ukujula kwemisebenzi ebhekene nosongo olukhulu, bheka lokhu kuqhekeka kwemisebenzi esongelwa yi-AI ngo-2030.

Ukuqhathanisa Ngokomlando: Izifundo Ezivela Kunguquko Yesikhathi Esidlule Yezobuchwepheshe

I-AI akuwona amandla okuqala okubumba kabusha izimakethe zabasebenzi. INguquko Yezimboni ekhulwini le-18 kanye negagasi lekhompuyutha lekhulu lama-20 kwabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu okwagcina kuvuleleke kumamodeli amasha okuqashwa namazinga okukhiqiza.

Ukwenziwa kwemishini yokulima kwasusa abasebenzi bezolimo kodwa kwanda isidingo somsebenzi wezimboni. Ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nama-90s, ukukhathazeka ngamakhompyutha anciphisa ukutholakala kwemisebenzi akuzange kubonakale. Eqinisweni, leyo nkathi yethula izindima ku-IT, izinsizakalo zedijithali, kanye nobunjiniyela besoftware. Lezi zinguquko zilandele indlela ejwayelekile: ukufuduka okulandelwa ukusungulwa kabusha. Umehluko manje yijubane. Imibiko kaGartner iphakamisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-AI kuthuthuka ngokushesha kabili kuya kwezintathu kunobuchwepheshe bangaphambilini bokuguqula abasebenzi, okwenza ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuphuthume kakhulu.

Ukuqamba Kabusha Nokuthuthukiswa Kwabasebenzi: Ukulungiselela Inguquko ye-AI

Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka nokuthuthukisa ukusimama komnotho, ukuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi kufanele kuthuthuke ngokushesha. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-MIT's Work of the Future task force kanye ne-OECD zigcizelela isidingo sokufunda impilo yonke kanye nezinhlelo zamakhono eziguquguqukayo. Izinyathelo ezinconyiwe zihlanganisa:

• Nweba ukufunda nokubhala kwedijithali ngoqeqesho olusekelwa uhulumeni kanye nezinhlelo zokufunda ezincane eziqinisekisiwe.
• Khuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuholwa ngumqashi usebenzisa izinzuzo zentela nokusebenzisana komphakathi nezizimele.
• Yethula imfundo ye-AI kuyo yonke i-K–12 nemfundo ephakeme ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana kusenesikhathi, okuhle ngalobu buchwepheshe.
• Thuthukisa amakhono athambile njengobuhlakani bemizwa kanye nokucabanga okujulile okuhlala kungumuntu ohlukile futhi kungenzeki kangako.

I-World Economic Forum ibala ukuguquguquka, ukucabanga kokuhlaziya, nokufunda kwe-AI njengezindawo zamakhono ezibaluleke kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi. Ukuqaliswa okubanzi kwalezi zinhlelo kungenza izinguquko ezizayo zingaphazamisi futhi zibandakanye kakhudlwana. Lesi isici esibalulekile sesithombe esikhulu esihlolisiswe ngokujulile ngaphakathi kwe-AI kanye nekusasa lomsebenzi.

I-Emotional Impact ye-AI: Ukuphatha I-Psychology Yabasebenzi

Ukutholwa kwe-AI okwandile kuthinta isayense yezemisebenzi. Abasebenzi abaningi, ikakhulukazi abasezigabeni ezimaphakathi nomsebenzi, babhekana nengcindezi nokungaqiniseki ngenkathi bezivumelanisa nezishintshayo. Imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ungubani, ukuphepha komsebenzi, nokuhambisana kuphakama ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kokuqeqeshwa.

UDkt. Rachel Liu, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo e-Oxford University, uphawula ukuthi ukwesaba ukushintshwa ngokuvamile kunamandla kunomzamo wokuziqeqesha kabusha. Ukuqina kwemizwelo kungasiza ekuxazululeni lokhu kuphatheka kabi. Ukwakha ukuzethemba emandleni omuntu okuzivumelanisa nezimo kubaluleke njengokuthola izitifiketi zobuchwepheshe.

Abaqashi banganciphisa lezi zinkathazo ngokunikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezigxile ekulawuleni ushintsho nasekulungeni. Izikole nezinkundla zokuqeqesha kufanele zenze okwengeziwe ukukhuthaza ukuguquguquka kwengqondo nokukhuthaza ithemba elingokoqobo mayelana nokushintshashintsha kwemisebenzi.

I-Geographic Divide: I-AI Izithinta Kanjani Izifunda

I-AI ngeke imise kabusha abasebenzi ngokulinganayo ezifundeni zonke. Ezindaweni ezinezimboni kakhulu, imikhakha yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ingase yandise izinketho zokuqashwa, kuyilapho izindawo zasemakhaya noma ezimpofu nengqalasizinda zingabhekana noshintsho oluhamba kancane noma ubungozi obuphezulu bokufuduka.

• Izindawo zasemadolobheni eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu zingase zithole imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe nezindima zokugada ezizenzakalelayo.
• Imiphakathi yasemaphandleni ingase ibhekane nezikhathi ezinde zokuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi idinge i-broadband eqondiwe nokusekelwa kokuqeqeshwa.
• Eminye iminotho esafufusa ingase yeqe amasistimu amadala futhi igxumele ngqo kumasevisi anikwe amandla i-AI, inqobo nje uma ithola ukutshalwa kwezimali okwanele.

Izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zincoma ukusebenzisana kwemingcele ukuze kwabelwane ngolwazi nobuchwepheshe ngendlela efanele. Imizamo efana naleyo evela kwi-International Labour Organisation ikhuthaza ubudlelwano bamazwe amabili obusekela uguquko olulinganayo.

Izimiso Zenqubomgomo Zeminyaka Yokuzenzakalela

Inqubomgomo eklanywe kahle ingadambisa ubunzima bokuxoshwa kwemisebenzi okuqhutshwa yi-AI. Ucwaningo oluvela kosomnotho bezabasebenzi kanye nezikhungo ezifana neBrookings Institution lukhomba izindawo ezibalulekile okumele zenziwe:

• Ukufinyelela okubanzi ekuqeqeshweni ngezibonelelo kanye nemixhaso eklanyelwe ukulungiselela ngokushesha abasebenzi abaxoshwa ezindaweni ezintsha.
• Izinhlaka zokulawula i-AI eziqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okusobala nokuziphatha okuhle kokuzenzakalela, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zokuqasha nokuhlola.
• Iziqinisekiso zenguquko yabasebenzi njengosizo lokuhamba kanye nomshwalense wamaholo kulabo abahamba phakathi kwezimboni.
• Ukufakwa kwabasebenzi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo, okubandakanya izinyunyana namaqembu abasebenzi ezinhlelweni zokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe.

Inqubomgomo esebenzayo ayimelani nobuchwepheshe kodwa ilungiselela abantu ukuthi basebenze nabo. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngamasu anjalo ngokusebenza, vakashela lokhu kuhlola imithelela yezomnotho yezinsongo zemisebenzi ye-AI.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

I-AI izoyithinta kanjani imisebenzi ngokuzayo?

I-AI izozenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo nesekelwe emithethweni kuyilapho ikhulisa izindima eziyinkimbinkimbi, zokudala, namasu. Eminye imisebenzi izonyamalala, eminingi izovela, futhi kuzovela izindima ezintsha ekuthuthukisweni kwe-AI, ukwengamela, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu.

Ingabe i-AI izongena esikhundleni sabasebenzi abangabantu?

I-AI izothatha indawo yemisebenzi ethile, hhayi yonke imisebenzi. Imisebenzi ehilela ukugeleza komsebenzi okubikezelwayo isengozini kakhulu, kuyilapho izindima ezidinga ukwahlulela, uzwela, ukusungula izinto, kanye nobuholi zimelana kakhulu ne-automation.

Yimiphi imisebenzi esengozini enkulu evela ku-AI?

Imisebenzi esengozini enkulu ihlanganisa ukufakwa kwedatha, ukubalwa kwezimali okuyisisekelo, isevisi yamakhasimende evamile, ukumaketha ngocingo, kanye nezindima zokukhiqiza eziphindaphindayo. Lezi zikhundla zithembele kakhulu emisebenzini ehleliwe amasistimu e-AI angakwazi ukuyenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Yimiphi imisebenzi ephephe kakhulu ku-AI?

Imisebenzi ephephe kakhulu ku-AI ngokuvamile idinga ukusebenzisana komuntu, ubuhlakani, kanye nobuciko bomzimba. Izibonelo zifaka abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, abahwebi abanamakhono, izindima zobuholi, abelaphi, othisha, nezikhundla zobunjiniyela eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Imiphi imisebenzi emisha ezodalwa yi-AI?

I-AI kulindeleke ukuthi idale izindima ezinjengonjiniyela be-AI, onjiniyela abasheshayo, izazi ze-AI, ososayensi bedatha, ochwepheshe be-automation, nabaklami bokuhamba komsebenzi be-AI. Isidingo sokugadwa, ukubusa, kanye nochwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwe-AI siyakhula.

Abasebenzi bangakulungiselela kanjani ukuphazamiseka kwe-AI?

Abasebenzi bangalungiselela ngokuthuthukisa ukufunda nokubhala kwedijithali, ukucabanga kokuhlaziya, ukuguquguquka, kanye namakhono okubambisana kwe-AI. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa amathuluzi e-AI ngempumelelo kuzobaluleka njengamakhono obuchwepheshe bendabuko.

Ingabe i-AI izokwandisa ukukhiqiza emsebenzini?

Yebo, i-AI ingakhuphula kakhulu umkhiqizo ngokwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, ihlaziye idatha ngokushesha, futhi ithuthukise ukwenza izinqumo. Izinhlangano ezisebenzisa i-AI ngokwecebo zivame ukubika izinzuzo ezilinganisekayo zokusebenza kahle.

I-AI izishintsha kanjani izidingo zamakhono endaweni yokusebenza?

I-AI ishintsha isidingo samakhono siye ekucabangeni okujulile, ukuxazulula izinkinga, ubuciko, kanye nokushelela kwezobuchwepheshe. Abasebenzi baya ngokuya bedinga ukuhumusha imiphumela ye-AI futhi bahlanganise amasistimu azenzakalelayo ekugelezeni komsebenzi.

Ingabe i-AI izokwandisa ukungalingani kwemali engenayo?

I-AI ingakhulisa ukungalingani kwemali engenayo uma i-automation ithinta ngokungafani izindima zamakhono aphansi. Kodwa-ke, ukungenelela kwenqubomgomo, izinhlelo zokuqeqeshelwa kabusha amakhono, namasu afaka phakathi ukutholwa kwe-AI kungase kunciphise lobu bungozi.

Ingabe i-AI inhle noma yimbi ngekusasa lomsebenzi?

Umthelela we-AI uncike ekusebenziseni. Ingathuthukisa ukukhiqiza kanye nokuqanjwa okusha, kodwa futhi iphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokufuduka kanye noguquko lwezomnotho. Imiphumela izoncika ezinhlelweni zemfundo, ukulawulwa, kanye nokuzibophezela kwebhizinisi.

I-AI ishintsha ngokushesha kangakanani abasebenzi?

Ukwamukelwa kwe-AI kuyashesha ngokushesha kuzo zonke izimboni. Nakuba ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwabasebenzi kuzothatha iminyaka, imikhakha eminingi isivele ihlanganisa amathuluzi e-AI ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke.

Yiziphi izimboni ezizothinta kakhulu i-AI?

I-AI izoba nomthelela omkhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, ezezimali, ezempilo, ezokukhiqiza, abezindaba, ezokuthutha, ezokuthengisa, kanye nezinsizakalo zobungcweti. Izimboni ezisekelwe olwazini nezidinga idatha zibona ushintsho olushesha kakhulu.

Isiphetho

I-AI ilungisa kabusha ikusasa lomsebenzi ngokuguqula indlela imisebenzi eyenziwa ngayo, ichaze kabusha amakhono adingekayo, futhi isheshise i-automation kuzo zonke izimboni. Ngenkathi izindima ezithile zibhekene nokufuduka, amathuba amasha ayavela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-AI, ukwengamela, kanye nokuhlanganiswa. Umthelela wesikhathi eside uzoncika ekuguqukeni kwabasebenzi, ukuguqulwa kwezemfundo, kanye nokubusa kwe-AI okunesibopho. Ikusasa lomsebenzi alikona nje kuphela ukushintshwa, kodwa limayelana nokusebenzisana phakathi kobuhlakani bomuntu namandla omshini.