Amasistimu E-AI Esebenzisanayo: Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Kokusebenza Kwabantu-AI

# Isingeniso

Lapho sisebenza ososayensi bedatha belungiselela izingxoxosibona lokhu njalo: ukungena ngokushesha, ukuphendula, qhubeka. Akekho oke abukeze noma yini, futhi akekho oke acabange ukuthi kungani.

Kuthiwani ngezinkampani ezithumela amaphrojekthi amasha kakhulu? Sebethole indlela entsha yokusebenzisana. Bathuthukise izindawo lapho abantu kanye ne-AI besebenzisana khona ezinqumweni. I-AI ikhiqiza izinketho, amaphethini ezindawo, futhi ihlaba umkhosi lokho okudinga ukunakwa. Ibonisa umsebenzi wayo ukuze ukwazi ukuqinisekisa. Abantu bayabuyekeza, bengeze umongo, futhi benze ucingo lokugcina. Alikho iqembu elivele linikeze ama-oda kwelinye.

Isithombe nguMbhali

# Ukubuka Izicelo Zomhlaba Wangempela

Lokhu akuwona nje umbono; kuyenzeka manje.

// Ukuguqula Ucwaningo Lwesayensi Nokunakekelwa Kwezempilo

I-AlphaFold ekhiqizwe ukubikezela kwesakhiwo samaprotheni okungase kudinge iminyaka yocwaningo elabhorethri. Nokho, ukunquma incazelo yalezi zibikezelo, ukubaluleka kwazo, nochungechunge lokuhlola okuzokwenziwa ngokulandelayo kusadinga ubuchwepheshe bomuntu.

Inkampani ye-biotech I-Insilico Medicine wayithatha nakakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa zendabuko kuthatha iminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu ukuhlonza isakhi esithembisayo. I-Insilico Medicine yakha inkundla ye-AI ekhiqiza futhi ihlole izinkulungwane zama-molecule ezidakamizwa ezingaba khona, ibikezela ukuthi yimaphi okungenzeka asebenze. Okulandelayo, osokhemisi bezokwelapha babuyekeza amakhandidethi angcono kakhulu, bacwenge ukwakheka, futhi benze izivivinyo ukuze baziqinisekise. Imiphumela yayibalulekile: isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kutholwe inhlanganisela yomthofu sehle cishe ngo-75% – ukusuka eminyakeni emine noma emihlanu kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuphela.

Iphethini efanayo ikhona ku-pathology. I-PathaI ihlaziya amasampula ezicubu ukuze kuhlonzwe izifo ezinjengomdlavuza. Odokotela bezifo babe sebebuyekeza okutholwe yi-AI futhi bengeze ulwazi lwabo lomtholampilo ukuze benze ukuxilongwa. Ngokusho kuka-a Ucwaningo lwe-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centerumphumela waba ukutholwa komdlavuza okunembile okungama-99.5% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-96% lapho udokotela wezifo ebuyekeza amaslayidi ngokuzimela. Ukwengeza, isikhathi esidingekayo sokubuyekeza amaslayidi sehle kakhulu. I-AI ibamba amaphethini aphuthelwe ngenxa yokukhathala; abantu banikeza umongo womtholampilo.

Isithombe nguMbhali

Esikufundile ukuthi i-AI ithola amaphethini – ihamba phambili ngevolumu nangesivinini. Abantu benza kahle ekwahluleleni nasemongweni; bayanquma ukuthi lawo maphethini anendaba yini.

I-AlphaFold yabikezela izakhiwo zamaprotheni ngamahora azothatha iminyaka yamalebhu, kodwa ososayensi basanquma ukuthi lezo zakhiwo zisho ukuthini nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezizosebenza ngokulandelayo. I-Insilico's AI ikhiqize izinkulungwane zamangqamuzana ezidakamizwa, kodwa osokhemisi banquma ukuthi yimaphi okufanele ahlanganiswe. I-PathaI ihlaba umkhosi amaseli asolisayo esikalini, kodwa izazi zezifo zengeza umongo womtholampilo onquma ukuxilongwa.

Esimweni ngasinye, i-AI noma abantu bodwa abathola umphumela. Inhlanganisela yenza.

// Ukuthuthukisa Izinqumo Zebhizinisi

I-AI ingakufeza ngamahora lokho okuthathe amaviki amaqembu: ukubuyekeza izinkulungwane zezinkontileka, ukuhlaziya ubungozi kuzo zonke izimakethe zomhlaba, nokuhlonza amaphethini kudatha yokusetshenziswa. Konke lokhu kungafezwa ngokushesha, kodwa ukunquma ukuthi kwenziwani ngalolo lwazi kusewumthwalo wemfanelo womuntu.

Ngokwesibonelo, JPMorgan Amaqembu ezomthetho akwa-Chase azibuyekezele mathupha izinkontileka zamahora angu-360,000 unyaka ngamunye, inqubo eyayihamba kancane, ibiza kakhulu, futhi ijwayele ukuba namaphutha. Bakha isixazululo esibizwa ngokuthi I-COINinkundla yobuhlakani bokwenziwa eklanyelwe ukufunda amadokhumenti omthetho ngokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo (NLP) nokufunda ngomshini. I-COiN ingakhipha amaphuzu abalulekile ngaphakathi kwemibhalo yezomthetho, ihlonze izigaba ezingajwayelekile noma ezingabazekayo, futhi ihlukanise amalungiselelo ngemizuzwana. Nokho, abameli basabuyekeza izinto ezihlatshwe umkhosi wuhlelo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-JPMorgan ingakwazi ukucubungula izinkontileka ngokushesha kakhulu kunangaphambili, inciphise amaphutha ayo okuthobela ngo-80%, futhi ivumele abameli bayo ukuthi bachithe isikhathi sabo bexoxisana futhi bethuthukisa amasu kunokuba bafunde izinkontileka ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Kwesinye isibonelo, I-BlackRock ungumphathi wempahla omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, olawula izimpahla ezibiza isamba esingu-$21.6 trillion kumakhasimende esikhungo nakubatshalizimali ngabanye. Kulesi sikali, iBlackRock kufanele ihlaziye izigidi zezimo zobungozi kuzo zonke izimakethe zomhlaba wonke, ezingeke zenziwe ngesandla. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, iBlackRock yathuthukiswa Aladdin (Impahla, Isikweletu, Isikweletu, kanye Nenethiwekhi Yokutshalwa Kwezimali Okususelwe), inkundla esekelwe ku-AI yokuqoqa nokucubungula amanani amakhulu edatha yemakethe nokuhlonza ubungozi obungaba khona ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Kusenengxenye yomuntu: Abaphathi bephothifoliyo yeBlackRock babuyekeza izibalo zika-Aladdin bese benza konke ukwaba. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwengozi obekuthatha izinsuku ngaphambili manje kwenziwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphothifoliyo eBlackRock adalwe kusetshenziswa izibalo zika-Aladdin, ezihlanganiswe nokwahlulela komuntu, asebenza kahle kakhulu kunendlela emsulwa ye-algorithmic nemsulwa yabantu. Njengamanje, izikhungo zezezimali ezingaphezu kuka-200 zilayisense inkundla ye-Aladdin ukuze isebenze.

Isithombe nguMbhali

Iphethini icacile: I-AI iveza izinketho nolwazi esikalini. Kodwa ngeke ikutshele uma unephutha; kuzomele uzitholele lokho wena. Abameli be-JPMorgan basabuyekeza lokho amafulegi we-COiN, futhi abaphathi bephothifoliyo ye-BlackRock basazenza izinqumo zokugcina.

# Ukubuyekeza Amathuluzi E-AI Asebenzisanayo

Akuwona wonke amathuluzi e-AI akhelwe ukusebenzisana. Ezinye ziletha okukhiphayo “njengebhokisi elimnyama,” kanti ezinye zidalelwe ukusebenzelana nawe. Uhlu olungezansi lugqamisa amathuluzi asekela ukubambisana:

// Ukusebenzisa Abasizi Benhloso Ejwayelekile

• Claude / I-ChatGPT: Lawa ama-AI ezingxoxo ahlinzeka ngempendulo ekucabangeni kwakho, ukungaqondakali kwefulegi, futhi azokutshela uma kungenasiqiniseko. Zimelela amathuluzi aseduze kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni kwangempela emuva naphambili.

// Ukwenza ucwaningo kanye nokuhlaziya

• Khipha: Leli thuluzi liphenya amaphepha emfundo futhi likhiphe okutholiwe, likubonise ubufakazi bezimangalo ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi uyalwamukela yini ulwazi.
• Ukuvumelana: Le nkundla ihlanganisa izincwadi zesayensi futhi ibonise izindawo zokuvumelana nokungavumelani phakathi kwabacwaningi ukuze ubuke zonke izici zengxoxo.
• Ukuxakeka: Lokhu kunikeza imiphumela yosesho ngezingcaphuno. Isimangalo ngasinye sixhuma emthonjeni oqinisekisiwe.

// Ukuthuthukisa Ukubhalwa Kwekhodi Nokuthuthukiswa

• I-GitHub Copilot: Leli thuluzi liphakamisa ukuqedwa kwekhodi. Uyabuyekeza, wamukele, noma ulungise; akukho okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokuthi ukugunyaze.
• Ikhesa: Lona umhleli wekhodi yomdabu we-AI. Ibonisa umehluko wezinguquko ezihlongozwayo ukuze ubone kahle ukuthi i-AI ifuna ukukulungisa ini ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke.
• Phendula: Lokhu kunikeza izincazelo zekhodi, kuphakamisa ukulungiswa, futhi kusiza ngokususa iphutha. Uhlala ulawula lokho okusetshenzisiwe.

// Ukuthuthukisa Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Kwesayensi Yedatha

• UJulius: Leli thuluzi lihlaziya idatha futhi lidale ukubonwa. Ibonisa ikhodi esetshenziswe ukudala ukubonakala ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola indlela yokusebenza.
• Hex: Lena indawo yokusebenza yedatha ehlanganyelwe ngosizo lwe-AI. Yakhelwe amaqembu lapho abantu ne-AI besebenza ndawonye ekuhlaziyeni.
• I-DataRobot: Lena inkundla yokufunda yomshini ezenzakalelayo (AutoML) enikeza izincazelo zezinqumo zemodeli. Ibonisa ukubaluleka kwesici nokuzethemba kokubikezela ukuze uqonde umqondo oyisisekelo.

// Ukuthuthukisa Ukubhala Nokuxhumana

• Umbono we-AI: Leli thuluzi lihlanganiswe endaweni yakho yokusebenza ukuze uthole okusalungiswa, izifinyezo, nokuvuthwa kwemicabango, kodwa ukhetha okusalayo.
• Ngohlelo lolimi: Lokhu kunikeza ukuhlela okuphakanyisiwe nezincazelo. Ungamukela noma wenqabe ukuhlela ngakunye.

Okwenza la mathuluzi asebenzisane ukuthi akhombisa umsebenzi wawo. Bakuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise abakutholile futhi abafuni ukuthi wamukele okuphumayo. Lowo umehluko phakathi kwethuluzi nomhlanganyeli.

# Ukulinganisa Impumelelo Yokuhlanganyela

Isithombe nguMbhali

Izinhlobo ezintathu zamamethrikhi zikusiza ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ukusebenzisana kwabantu ne-AI kuyasebenza ngempela:

• Amamethrikhi womphumela kulula ukuwalandelela. Ingabe ubona imiphumela engcono? Ukushintsha ngokushesha? Amaphutha ambalwa? Kufanele ulandele lezi.
• Amamethrikhi enqubo abaluleke kakhulu. Uma ungalokothi wenqabe okuphumayo kwe-AI, lokho akulona uphawu lwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-AI; kuwuphawu lokuthi usuyekile ukucabanga.
• Okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu nakho kunendaba. Ungakwazi yini ukukhiqiza le miphumela ngaphandle kwe-AI? Ingabe uyaqonda ngempela ukuthi kungani i-AI ikhethe ekwenzile, noma ingabe uhambisana nayo ngoba izwakala ihlakaniphile?

Ukuhlola okuhle: uma uhlala wamukela okukhiphayo kokuqala, lokho kuseduze nokugxivizwa kwerabha kunokuhlanganyela. Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-AI ngezikhathi ezithile kukusiza ukuthi ugcine isisekelo, ukuze wazi ukuthi uyini umsebenzi wakho nokuthi yini ithuluzi.

# Ukusebenzisa Imikhuba Ephumelelayo

Isithombe nguMbhali

Amaqembu athola lokhu okulungile avame ukulandela imikhuba embalwa evamile:

• Misa izindima ezicacile: Thola ukuthi iyiphi indima oyidlalayo nokuthi iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-AI. Ukusetha okukodwa okujwayelekile kufaka phakathi izinketho zokukhiqiza i-AI ngenkathi ukhetha okungcono kakhulu. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ikhono le-AI ukuhlola amathuba amaningi ngenkathi ugcina isinqumo sokugcina kuwe.
• Yakha ezindaweni zokuhlola: Ungavumeli okuphumayo kwe-AI ukuthi kuqhubekele ngqo esigabeni esilandelayo ngaphandle kokuma kancane. Awudingi ukugunyazwa okusemthethweni, kodwa kufanele uthathe iminithi ukuze ucabange ukuthi kungani i-AI ikhethe ekwenzile. Uma ungakwazi ukuchaza isizathu, ungakwamukeli okukhiphayo.
• Funa obala: Sebenzisa amathuluzi abonisa umsebenzi wabo, okuhlanganisa ikhodi abayikhiqizile, imithombo abayisebenzise, ​​kanye nezinguquko abazihlongozile. Uma ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi i-AI ifinyelele kanjani ekuphumeni kwayo, awukwazi ukukuqinisekisa.
• Hlala ubukhali: Sebenza ngaphandle kwe-AI ngezikhathi ezithile. Lesi akusona isitatimende sokumelana, kodwa kuyindinganiso yokuqhathanisa nayo. Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ubukeka kanjani umsebenzi wakho ongasizwanga, futhi ufuna ukwazi ukwenza uma amathuluzi ehluleka.

# Imicabango yokuphetha

Isithombe nguMbhali

Ukuhlangana kwabantu ne-AI kumelele ushintsho lwangempela. Sifunda ukusebenzisana namasistimu anikeza okokufaka, esikhundleni sokwenza imiyalo.

Ukuyenza isebenze kudinga amakhono amasha, njengokwazi ukuthi uthembele nini ku-AI nokuthi ungayibuza nini. Kubandakanya ukuhlola izinqubo ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi zikhiqiza imiphumela noma zivele zizizwe zikhiqiza. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kudinga ukuhlala ubukhali ngokwanele ukuze ubambe amaphutha uma kwenzeka.

Amaqembu akha izindlela zokusebenzisana ne-AI akhiqiza imiphumela engcono. Babona amaphutha ngokushesha futhi bacabangele izinketho abebengeke bazicabange ngenye indlela. Amaqembu angathuthukisi lawa makhono avame ukusebenzisa i-AI ngendlela elinganiselwe kangangokuthi aphuthelwe izinzuzo ezingaba khona, noma ancike kangangokuthi ngeke akwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwayo.

# Ukuphendula Imibuzo Ejwayelekile

// Uyini umehluko phakathi kokusebenzisa i-AI njengethuluzi uma uqhathanisa nokusebenzisana nayo?

Ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi kubandakanya ukunikeza umyalo ku-AI, ewusebenzisayo ngenkathi wamukela okukhiphayo. Ukubambisana kubandakanya i-AI ekhombisa umsebenzi wayo ukuze uqinisekise futhi unqume. Ungabona imithombo, ikhodi, nokucabanga, bese ukhetha ukuthi uyakwamukela, ulungise, noma wenqabe okukhiphayo. Uma ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi i-AI ifinyelele kanjani esiphethweni sayo, awukwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokweqiniso.

// Ngingakugwema kanjani ukuthembela kakhulu ku-AI?

Ngezikhathi ezithile sebenza ngaphandle kwe-AI futhi ulandelele ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuchaza ukuthi kungani i-AI yethula okukhiphayo ekwenzile. Uma uthola ukuthi wamukela ngokujwayelekile okukhiphayo kokuqala okunikeziwe, noma uma ukusebenza kwakho kuhlupheka kakhulu lapho usebenza ngaphandle kwe-AI, cishe uthembele kakhulu kuyo.

// Ingabe izinkampani ziyakuhlola lokhu ezingxoxweni?

Yebo. Abaxoxisana nabo manje babuka ukuthi amakhandidethi asebenzisana kanjani ne-AI. Labo abamukela zonke iziphakamiso ngaphandle kokubuza babonisa ukwahlulela okungalungile, kuyilapho labo ababuyekeza, babuze, futhi balungise imiphumela ye-AI babonisa ukwahlulela okuhle.

Nate Rosidi ungusosayensi wedatha nakusu lomkhiqizo. Uphinde abe nguprofesa osizayo ofundisa izibalo, futhi ungumsunguli we-StrataScratch, inkundla esiza ososayensi bedatha ukulungiselela izingxoxo zabo ngemibuzo yenhlolokhono yangempela evela ezinkampanini eziphezulu. U-Nate ubhala ngamathrendi akamuva emakethe yemisebenzi, unikeza izeluleko zenhlolokhono, wabelane ngamaphrojekthi wesayensi yedatha, futhi uhlanganisa yonke into ye-SQL.