Isithombe nguMlobi
Okusobala Ukuqalisa
Ngisebenze embonini yedatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemine. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngibone ukuguquguquka kokuzamazama komhlaba.
Phambilini, lapho uhlola ama-ukhetho ngezikhundla zokuhlaziywa kwedatha, kwakulula ukutshela ukuthi ngubani onekhono lobuchwepheshe ukwenza umsebenzi futhi ongazange. Kulezi zinsuku, cishe wonke umuntu uthola imijikelezo embalwa yokuqala ye-Data Analyst interview.
Nge-AI, ukhetho olunemikhuba emincane kakhulu ukwakha amadeshibhodi kanye nokubhala imibuzo ye-SQL ngokunemba – amakhono owake wathatha iminyaka ukufunda. Ngenxa yalokhu, okulindelwe umqashi kulindelwe, ngobukhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe besizinda baba yinto ethile enzima.
Ngokwengeziwe, imigqa phakathi kwezindima ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe iyafiphala, futhi ubukhulu buba yinto yokuqala. Abasebenzi kulindeleke ukuthi bathathe amaphrojekthi amaningi, bafunde amakhono amaningi, futhi bakhiqize okuthe xaxa esikhathini esifushane. Kodwa-ke, zonke izindaba ezimbi.
Kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami okusebenza ensimini, ngikholwa ukuthi kunohlobo oluthile lomhlaziyi wedatha ongeke aphile nje, kepha achume futhi abekezelele i-AI Revolution.
Futhi lokho kungu …
Umhlaziyi wedatha yomkhiqizo
Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda:
- Umhlaziyi wedatha yomkhiqizo (PDA) uyini
- Umehluko phakathi kwe-PDA kanye nomhlaziyi wedatha yendabuko
- Amakhono adingekayo ukuze abe yi-PDA
- Isipiliyoni sami uqobo sisebenza njenge-PDA enkampanini enkulu ye-tech
Ngenguqulo yevidiyo yalesi sihloko, bheka lokhu:
https:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jggnicTicTew
Okusobala Yini umhlaziyi wedatha yomkhiqizo?
Ukubonisa umehluko phakathi kwe-PDA kanye nomhlaziyi ojwayelekile wedatha, ake sibheke “usuku empilweni” kochwepheshe ngamunye iqhaza.
// Usuku empilweni yomhlaziyi wedatha yendabuko
UBrian ungumhlaziyi wedatha yendabuko. Uthole isikhundla sokungena kwezinga futhi manje usesebenze unyaka owodwa kule ndima.
Nakhu umsebenzi kaBrian aqukethe:
- Ukudonsa izibalo zokuthengisa ngonyaka owedlule ku-SQL futhi uzisebenzise ukwakha ideshibhodi
- Ukuhlonza ingxenye yamakhasimende ayeke ukuhambisa inkampani ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule
- Ukutholwa ukuthi kungani amanani wokuguqulwa ehla ngo-15% ngeviki eledlule ngokuhlanganisa idatha evela kuzinhlelo zokuphathwa kwamakhasimende wenhlangano (CRM) neziteshi zokumaketha
Indima enjengale ngokuvamile idinga ulwazi lwe-SQL, Excel, amadeshi ekhadi, namakhono athile wokuhlela. Umhlaziyi wami wokuqala wedatha uJobe wawudinga ukuba ngenze imisebenzi efana nalokhu. Ngempela akulula. Kepha i-AI yehlisa isithiyo ekungeneni ukwenza le misebenzi.
Yonke imisebenzi eshiwo ngenhla ingenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu usebenzisa amathuluzi e-AI afana Isikhohlisi, Ingwayefuthi I-chatgt.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okusindayo kukaBrian kwamathuluzi e-AI, kwesinye isikhathi aqala ukuzizwa sengathi abe ngonjiniyela osheshayo kunomhlaziyi wedatha. Umqashi kaBrian uyabona ukuthi umsebenzi kaBrian kungenziwa ngokushesha ngenxa yamathuluzi amasha we-AI. Ngenxa yalokhu, bayeka ukuqasha abanye abahlaziyi bemininingwane. Esikhundleni salokho, bathola uBrian ukuqedela wonke amaphrojekthi wokuhlaziya idatha. Ngenkathi uBrian enomsebenzi ozinzile futhi ungumhlaziyi osebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa ye-AI, kwesinye isikhathi azizwa sengathi imithwalo yakhe ayikashintshi kangako kusukela ngonyaka owedlule. Akakhuphuki ileli lebhizinisi noma akhuthazwe.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uBrian ufuna ukufunda amakhono amaningi futhi wandise ukujula kwakhe kolwazi, kunokuba usebenzise nje i-AI ukwenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngokushesha okukhulu. UBrian usendleleni yokuhlaziywa kwedatha yendabuko. Lokhu akuyona into embi, kepha ngokumane uzikhuphezele futhi ufunde amanye amakhono, angagibela isitebhisi sebhizinisi ngokushesha futhi enze imali eningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uBrian kumele asebenzise i-AI njenge-invest.
// Usuku empilweni yomhlaziyi wedatha yomkhiqizo
USarah uyi-PDA enkampanini yezokuxhumana.
Nakhu umsebenzi wakhe obukeka:
- USarah usebenza neqembu elakha ama-reels ukuze liqonde ukuthi kungani abadali bezindawo ezithile bathambekele ekusebenziseni lesi sici. Ube esesebenza nethimba lokuklama ukwakha izici ezintsha zokuvala igebe.
- Usebenza ngesici esisha esithi “Umsunguli Wokuthuthukela”, ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhulisa abadali abasha epulatifomu kuholela ekugcinweni koMdali ongcono ngaphandle komthelela ekubandakanyeni komsebenzisi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uqhuba isivivinyo se-A / B. (Isaziso se-Spooneer: Lolu hlobo lokuhlaziywa alululanga. Imiphumela ayivamile ngqo futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza ababambiqhaza).
- USarah futhi uhlala emihlanganweni yokubuyekezwa komkhiqizo nezinselelo ezenziwa ngobuholi: ngokwesibonelo, i-VP ithatha ukuthi abasebenzisi bafuna ukuqeda lokhu ngemininingwane yangempela yokuziphatha ekhombisa ukunakwa kwehla ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-35.
Uyawubona umehluko phakathi kwemisebenzi kaBrian noSara?
Umsebenzi kaSarah akuyinkimbinkimbi ngokweqiniso kunomdlariya. Bobabili ochwepheshe babelana ngesethi efanayo yamakhono obuchwepheshe; Bobabili bazi i-SQL, bangabhala amafomula we-Excel, futhi bakhe amadeshibhodi.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemisebenzi yawo ukuthi USarah unethonya eliningi kakhulu ezinqumweni zomkhiqizo. Uma isici esisha se- “Dreal Boost” sikhishwa futhi inkampani yenza u- $ 1M kuyo, uSarah ufake isandla ngqo kumadola angaphezu kwesigidi emalini yomkhiqizo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ungeyenani eliphakeme enkampanini futhi uthuthukiswa kalula, ngokunyuswa kwamaholo aphezulu.
Okusobala Ungaba kanjani i-PDA?
Ngisebenze kuzo zombili izindima zendabuko neze-PDA. Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yomsebenzi wami, ngasebenza njengomhlaziyi wedatha yendabuko. Futhi manje ngisebenza njenge-PDA.
Nawa amakhono owadingayo ukuze ube ngumhlaziyi wedatha yendabuko:
- Isicatha engqondweni
- I-SQL
- Amanye amakhono okuhlela (kahle Python)
- Ukubonwa kwedatha
- Izibalo zokubonisa ukuma kwendaba
Ukuze ube yi-PDA, nakhu okudingeka ufunde ngaphezulu kwamakhono we-Core Data Analytics:
// Ikhono 1: Ukuhlolwa kwe-A / B nokuhlola
Cishe uke wezwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-A / B ngaphambili. Uma unewebhusayithi futhi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi okungakutholela ukuchofoza okuningi – inkinobho eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma inkinobho eluhlaza – konke okudingeka ukwenze ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-A / B.
Okokuqala, ukhetha isampula yabasebenzisi abavakashela iwebhusayithi yakho, bese baqhekeza ngezikhathi ezithile baba ngamaqembu amabili. Iqembu elilodwa lizokhonjiswa inkinobho eluhlaza, elinye lizokhonjiswa okwesibhakabhaka, futhi noma yikuphi okuthola inani eliphakeme lokuchofoza umsebenzisi ngamunye azokwethulwa.
Isibonelo esingenhla yindlela elula yokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-A / B.
Kunokuningi okuya ekuhlolweni, njengokuqiniseka ukuthi ukhetha amaqembu ngokusatshalaliswa okulinganayo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-A / B kunomoya owenele wezibalo.
Ngabuzwa ithoni yemibuzo ngesikhathi sengxoxo yami ye-PDA, engikwazi ukuyiphendula ngenxa I-Udacicity free intro to a / b ukuhlola isifundo.
// Ikhono 2: Ukuchaza amamethrikhi womkhiqizo
Enye into etholwa ngumhlaziyi womkhiqizo eyehlukahlukana nalo ehlukile kubahlaziyi bemininingwane yendabuko ichaza amamethrikhi aphumelelayo.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganisani, ake sicabangele isici esisha esithi “Umsunguli Wokuthuthukisa” esishiwo ngaphambili. Lapho uthuthukisa abadali abasha, imvamisa kubenza bafune ukuthumela okuningi endawenikazi, okuholele ekugcinweni okuphezulu. Leli ntengo ethuthukisiwe yokugcinwa yilokho amapulatifomu anjenge-tiktok kanye ne-youtube afunayo, njengoba kugcina abasebenzisi endaweni yabo isikhathi eside.
Kepha … Kubhekwa njengoMdali omusha? Umuntu othumele ividiyo yawo yokuqala? Kuthunyelwe amavidiyo ama-5 epulatifomu?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuba uMdali ethola amandla abo okuqala avela kulolu hlelo, kuthiwani uma okuthunyelwe okulandelayo kufinyelela ekubandakanyeni okuphansi okuphelele? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi lokhu kuholele ekuqhubekeni okuphezulu ngisho nasekusasa? Ingabe lokhu kubi kakhulu ekugcinweni kwesikhathi eside kunokukhishwa isici nhlobo?
Futhi, njengepulatifomu yezokuxhumana, ukubandakanyeka kwesibukeli kufanele futhi kubhekwe. Kuthiwani uma ababukeli besebenzisa ipulatifomu kancane ngoba nje abanasifiso sokuncoma abadali abasha?
I-PDA idinga ukuthatha zonke lezi zinto zicubungule lapho kudala amamethrikhi empumelelo. Ukukala impumelelo yesici esisha esinjengalesi, umhlaziyi womkhiqizo unganquma ukudala amamethrikhi wokuzuza amaningi, njenge:
- Izinga lokugcinwa kwesikhashana lesikhashana
- Isilinganiso sokugcina isikhathi eside
- Izinga lokuzibandakanya kokubukwa
Ezingxoxweni ze-PDA, ngokuvamile uzonikezwa ngecala lokusebenzisa njengesibonelo engikufanekisela ngenhla. Umuntu oxoxisana naye uzobe esekubuza ukuthi yimaphi amamethrikhi empumelelo ongayichaza ngaleli cala lokusebenzisa nokuthi kungani.
Ukuze ufunde ikhono lencazelo ye-metric, ngincoma izinsiza ezilandelayo:
// Ikhono 3: Ukulandelela Umcimbi
Ake sithi uchaze i-metric ephumelelayo. Kulesi sici esisha lesi “soMdali Sokuthuthukisa”, i-metric yakho yempumelelo iyizinga lokugcinwa koMdali.
Manje, udinga idatha ukuze udale le metric usebenzisa imicimbi yohlelo lokusebenza efana nokulayishwa koMdali nokuchofoza. Ngokuvamile uzokwakha amamethrikhi nge-SQL. Kwesinye isikhathi, noma kunjalo, ungahle ufune ukulandelela i-metric bese uyabona ukuthi umcimbi owudingayo njengamanje awuthunjwa.
Isibonelo, uma ipulatifomu yakho njengamanje ingalandeli imicimbi “Layisha”, awunayo indlela yokwazi ukuthi bakhiphe kangaki abadali abaqukethwe. Njengoba ungenawo lo mcimbi othungelwe, awukwazi ukwakha impumelelo yakho metric metric (rader rateing rate). Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukusebenzisana namaqembu e-Engineering futhi ubachazele ukuthi yimiphi imicimbi okufanele ifakwe ukuze ulandele impumelelo yomkhiqizo.
Ukuze ufunde ngokulandela ngomcimbi owengeziwe, ngiphakamisa ukufunda le ndatshana.
// Ikhono 4: Izibalo ezisetshenzisiwe
Leli yikhono ukuthi abahlaziyi bemininingwane sebevele benakho.
Njenge-PDA, ukugxila kwakho kumele kube ekusebenziseni imiqondo yezibalo usebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlela.
Amakhono alandelayo ahambelana kakhulu neqhaza le-PDA:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-hypothesis.
- Ukubaluleka Kwezibalo: Umehluko phakathi kokubaluleka kwezibalo nangokoqobo, osayizi bemiphumela, nama-P-amanani.
- I-causal infence izisekelo (ama-demounders, imiphumela yokwelashwa).
- I-Simpson's Paradox And Ukukhetha ukukhetha.
Khan Academy yindawo enhle yokufunda le miqondo; Vele uthayiphe igama lesihloko bese ubuka isifundo sevidiyo. Ngijwayele ukufunda umbono ngemuva kwesihloko esivela esizeni esifana ne-Khan Academy. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngangiya eChartGPT futhi ngibe neplatifomu ye-AI ngifundise ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo komqondo wezibalo ku-Dataset yangempela.
Okusobala Ungayitholaphi imisebenzi ye-PDA?
I-Facebook, i-Amazon, i-Apple, i-Netflix, ne-Google (Faang) nezinye izinkampani ezinkulu ze-tech ziqasha ama-PDA amaningi ngoba ziqala izici ezintsha futhi ziqhube izivivinyo ze-A / B nsuku zonke.
I-Meta Imvamisa inezihloko zemisebenzi efana ne- “Data Scientist, Umkhiqizo Analytics” noma “Umhlaziyi Womkhiqizo.” Le misebenzi ikhokha phakathi $ 249k ne- $ 382Kkanti umhlaziyi wendabuko wokuhlaziywa kwedatha $ 180k kuya ku- $ 282k. Lokhu ukungafani okuhle kweholo elikhulu, futhi kukutshela ukuthi ama-PDA afunwa kangakanani.
Ngaphandle kwako, kufanele futhi ubheke:
- Ukuqalwa okukhula okusheshayo okwakha imikhiqizo ebhekelwe ngumsebenzisi.
- Izinkampani ze-e-commerce.
- Izinkampani ze-Fintech nezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani azikuhle ngokuza nezihloko ezihlobene nomsebenzi ezihlobene nedatha. Isihloko somsebenzi esisodwa singasho izinto eziningi esikhaleni sedatha.
Eqinisweni, ngibone izinkampani ziqasha ama-PDA ngaphansi kwalezi zihloko ezilandelayo:
- PDA.
- Umhlaziyi womkhiqizo
- Usosayensi wedatha yomkhiqizo
- Usosayensi wedatha, ama-analytics womkhiqizo
- Umphathi we-Analytics (egxile kumkhiqizo)
- Ukuhlaziywa Kokukhula
Ezinye izinkampani zizovele zithumele “umhlaziyi wedatha” noma “usosayensi wedatha”, uma eqinisweni, kuyindima ye-PDA. Ngiphakamisa ukufundwa kwencazelo yomsebenzi yendima yedatha ukuze uqonde ukuthi ngabe kuwumsebenzi obhekene nomkhiqizo.
Imvamisa, incazelo yomsebenzi weqhaza le-PDA izokhuluma ngamagama angukhiye anjengokuthi “ukusebenzisana nabaphathi bomkhiqizo,” “Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cross-funcy,” kanye nokuhlaziya “amamethrikhi womkhiqizo.”
Okusobala Ukuthathwa Key
Simboze umhlabathi omningi kule ndatshana. Ngokuqondile, safunda:
- Indima ye-PDA ehilelani
- Kungani kufanele ube yi-PDA
- Ungafunda kanjani amakhono adingekayo ukuze ube yi-PDA
- Ungathola kuphi imisebenzi ye-PDA
Khumbula, i-AI ishintsha indlela esisebenza ngayo ngesilinganiso esisheshayo kunalokho ongakucabanga. Kulesi sikhathi, kufanele uzenze umakethelwe ngokwengeziwe ngamakhono ahambisana ne-AI, hhayi ukuncintisana nakho. Yilapho-ke lapho ama-PDA angena khona.
Njengoba laba ochwepheshe bengeza inani eliqondile eliqondile emugqeni wenkampani eliphansi, imisebenzi yabo ivame ukuphepha, ngamaholo aphezulu kanye nokuphakanyiswa okusheshayo kunezikhundla ezijwayelekile zokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
Natassha Selvaraj ungusosayensi wedatha ozifundisayo onothando lokubhala. UNatassha ubhala kuyo yonke into ehlobene nesayensi yesayensi, ehlobene nenkosi yangempela yazo zonke izihloko zedatha. Ungaxhuma naye ku-LinkedIn noma uhlole isiteshi sakhe se-YouTube.
